Fasting during Ramadan is a fundamental pillar of Islam, but there are cases where a person may be unable to fast due to old age, chronic illness, or other valid reasons with no hope of making up for the missed days. In such circumstances, Islam provides an alternative through Fidyah—a form of compensation that ensures the individual still participates in the blessings of Ramadan by providing for those in need. This reflects the mercy and flexibility within Islamic teachings, ensuring that no one is burdened beyond their capacity.

The Qur’ān explicitly mentions this provision, stating:
قُل لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ
"Tell the believing men to lower their gaze and guard their chastity..."
(Surah An-Nūr 24:30)

Fidyah requires that a person unable to fast must provide food to a needy individual for each missed day of fasting. This is usually measured in accordance with the average meal of a given society. Scholars often advise that it should be equivalent to feeding a person two meals per day, though local guidelines may specify exact amounts. The idea behind this ruling is to ensure that those who are unable to fast do not miss out on the spirit of giving and community welfare that Ramadan fosters.

It is important to note that Fidyah applies only to those who have a permanent condition preventing them from fasting. If a person is temporarily ill or unable to fast due to travel or other reasons, they must make up for the missed fasts once they are able, rather than paying Fidyah. This distinction ensures that those who have the ability to fast do not seek an easier alternative, preserving the sacred nature of Ramadan and the discipline it instills.

By fulfilling Fidyah, Muslims uphold the values of generosity and care for the less fortunate, a key aspect of Islamic ethics. This practice serves as a reminder that Islam prioritises both devotion and social responsibility, ensuring that no member of the community is left behind. Whether through fasting or providing for others, every Muslim has an opportunity to reap the spiritual rewards of Ramadan and seek closeness to Allah.